1. The beginning of schooling - as we know it? Author: David Hamilton Source: Journal of Curriculum Studies 47.5(Oct. 2015): 577-593. Abstract: His essay offers an account of the beginnings of modern schooling. The Latin word schola began to mean ‘school’ in the nineth century. But early practices associated with this newly distinct social phenomenon took several centuries to become codified, institutionalized and recognized. Until that happened, school was a label or brand-image used by purveyors of learning. Ideas about unified activity, method, order, discipline and efficiency formed the foundation of institutional codification. Beginning in the Renaissance and strengthened in the Reformation, codification reached a highpoint in the preparation of Comenius’ Didactica Magna in the middle of the seventeenth century. And these assumptions about standardization and normalization have continued to nourish the appeal of modern schooling for at least another 300 years. .................................................................................................................. |
2. Curriculum as post-intentional phenomenological text: working along the edges and margins of phenomenology using post-structuralist ideas Author: Mark D. Vagle Source: Journal of Curriculum Studies 47.5(Oct. 2015): 594-612. Abstract: In this article, I experiment along the edges and margins of the phenomenological notion of intentionality using the Deleuzoguattarian concepts of multiplicity and line of flight. Working from Pinar et al.’s anticipation that phenomenology would undergo discursive shifts tending towards the post-structural, I theorize curriculum as post-intentional phenomenological text. To illustrate, I use this post-intentional figuration to theorize some of my recent professional development work with teachers and argue that post-intentional phenomenological theorizing might be useful for curriculum theorists. .................................................................................................................. |
3. Phantom traces: exploring a hermeneutical approach to autobiography in curriculum studies Author: Teresa Strong-Wilson Source: Journal of Curriculum Studies 47.5(Oct. 2015): 613-632. Abstract: Autobiography presently occupies a beleaguered place in education, not unlike teachers, whose lives have been diminished through the current emphasis on testing outcomes. This paper uses WG Sebald’s writings as a place from which to relook at the relationship between writing and a life lived. Sebald was a German writer born in the shadow of WWII who wrestled with his difficult inheritance. The paper considers the ‘phantom traces’ of the author in Sebald’s creative writing, using the example of the story he tells of Paul Bereyter, Sebald’s elementary teacher. Paul committed suicide by laying himself on the railroad tracks of the town that first denied him the opportunity to teach during WWII yet accepted him back to the classroom after the war. Apparent in the telling of Paul’s story is Sebald’s interest in an ‘invisible subject’—the prolonged effect of the past, especially traumatic events, on thinking, feeling human beings. The paper draws on Sebald’s particular way of writing about his subject ‘at a slant’ so as to argue for a hermeneutical approach to currere, or autobiography in education. .................................................................................................................. |
4. The intensification of performativity in early childhood education Author: Anna Kilderry Source: Journal of Curriculum Studies 47.5(Oct. 2015): 633-652. Abstract: Operating within a neoliberal education reform context, performativity and teaching in schools has been a focus of study for a number of years. However, less is known about the effects of performativity on teaching and curriculum in the early childhood (preschool) context. Making a case for the intensification of performativity in Australian early childhood education, this paper reports on findings from a doctoral study and draws on research literature from the past fourteen years to illustrate how performative measures have increasingly affected teaching and curriculum. The way that performativity has intensified is discussed in three chronological phases, performativity emerging, consolidating and normalised. Teacher interview transcripts and curricular related policies were analysed using critical discourse analysis and Ranson’s typology of accountability regimes. Findings reveal that early childhood teachers have different ways of responding to performativity, with the teacher featured in this paper displaying three types of performative accountability: anxiety, confidence, and disregard. An implication arising from this paper’s findings illustrates how the effects of performativity on teaching and curriculum can be complex, contradictory and at times, unintended. .................................................................................................................. |
5. The treatment of culture in the foreign language curriculum: an analysis of national curriculum documents Author: Evgenia Lavrenteva & Lily Orland-Barak Source: Journal of Curriculum Studies 47.5(Oct. 2015): 653-684. Abstract: Teaching culture in the foreign language classroom has been widely debated ever since its importance was recognized. Current research suggests that centralized ‘top down’ curricular policies can become potential constraints to teaching culture and points to the need for adapting curricula for culture-integrated language learning. This study analysed official curriculum documents published in 14 different countries to identify how the sociocultural component to Teaching English as a Foreign Language is reflected in the document. To date, there is scarce research on the place of culture in English as a Foreign Language curricula; hence, the present study aims at filling in a gap in this area. The study points to the following findings: curricula state the importance of culture in language learning and promote an integrative view of teaching language and culture; cultural objectives focus on appreciating cultural diversity, raising cultural awareness and reinforcing students’ positive cultural identity; teachers are portrayed as facilitators (rather than transmitters) of cultural knowledge yet, learners are described as acquiring (rather than discovering) cultural knowledge; curriculum documents focus on cultural knowledge and attitudes towards foreign cultures, rather than on the skills needed for successful interaction. These findings are elaborated and discussed, with potential implications for practice. .................................................................................................................. |
6. The treatment of culture in the foreign language curriculum: an analysis of national curriculum documents Author: Andrea Alliaud & Silvina María Feeney Source: Journal of Curriculum Studies 47.5(Oct. 2015): 685-704. Abstract: Over the last decades, teachers have often been identified as ‘key’ players for the improvement of education systems. The successive waves of reform taking place in Latin America since the 1990s have aimed at initial and continuous teacher training. The main changes intended to improve the quality and lengthen the duration of initial teacher training; additionally, the variety of teacher training courses was widened and diversified. This work focuses on the teacher training curricula currently in force for the MERCOSUR member states (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay). Special attention will be paid to the definitions of the profile that is intended for future teachers, as it is believed that this dimension makes it possible to reveal the different types of expected performance, which will allow us to move towards the dimension of the educational practices. The results obtained from the comparative analysis indicate that the abilities/competences put forth by the four countries are relevant and complementary with each other. Studies of this kind are a step forward in the definition of common policies for MERCOSUR countries aimed at strengthening and articulating teacher training and, specifically, at recognizing teacher qualifications and favouring mobility among countries. .................................................................................................................. |
7. The constraints of relevance on prevocational curriculum Author: Catherine Doherty Source: Journal of Curriculum Studies 47.5(Oct. 2015): 705-722. Abstract: This paper reflects on how relevance has been invoked as a curricular principle, both by students and teachers, in curriculum documents and in curriculum theory, to explore its variously conceived parameters and conditions. By posing the questions ‘relevant to whom?’, ‘relevant to what?’, ‘relevant how?’ and ‘relevant when?’ this paper exposes relevance as both a curricular virtue and a curricular constraint. It draws on an empirical project undertaken in the prevocational curriculum offered in Australia’s recently extended compulsory schooling for students in non-academic pathways. Data vignettes offer windows into two settings to exemplify the different ways relevance can be interpreted, stretched or contested. Using Bernstein’s distinction between vertical and horizontal discourses and knowledge structures, the analysis identifies what is gained and what is lost when relevance, variously defined, serves as a principle for curricular selection. .................................................................................................................. |
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